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1989-07-19
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LQCHAR.DOC
----------
Instructions for LQCHAR.COM
Version 1.1 (1/15/89)
(c)1989 E.Meyer
Requires: IBM PC compatible video adapter
Epson LQ compatible dot matrix printer
LQCHAR is a small, efficient utility for designing downloaded character
fonts for Epson LQ-compatible 24-pin dot matrix printers. It will run on any
MSDOS 2.x or 3.x system with an IBM compatible video adapter (MDA, CGA, EGA,
VGA). LQCHAR lets you design each character individually on screen, and
builds up a disk file containing all the character definitions. This file can
then be sent to your printer anytime you wish to use the font.
The ability of many dot matrix printers to accept downloaded fonts makes
them far more versatile than formed-character (daisy wheel) printers. You can
change fonts in the middle of printing without touching your printer, and you
can design any characters you like. (Combined with the font definition
ability of the EGA/VGA adapter, this allows word processing in a wide variety
of typefaces, using ordinary off-the-shelf software. I recommend an excellent
freeware screen font editor called CHET.ARC, from Mylex Corp.)
LQCHAR is freeware: I do not require contributions. However, if you
design some really nice fonts with it (artsy, foreign, whatever), please
consider sending me a copy of the LQC files.
ABOUT YOUR PRINTER...
LQCHAR should work with any Epson LQ compatible printer; I use it with a
24-pin Alps ALQ-200. But no manual I've ever seen describes the design and
use of downloaded fonts in a comprehensible fashion, and I suspect that some
details may vary from one printer to another. Anything I say below applies to
the Alps, and "probably" to your LQ printer (Epson or whatever) as well.
First let's clear up some terminology:
MODE - What you select with the ESC-x command (Draft, LQ, etc).
FONT - A set of characters designed in a given mode.
FONT TYPE - Whether the font includes undefined characters (see below).
PITCH - Spacing of a given font (Pica, Elite, etc).
PROPORTIONAL - This is a variety of PITCH, not of FONT!
LQCHAR designs fonts in either of two modes: Draft or Letter Quality
(LQ). Some printers have a third print mode, "High density", that falls in
between; LQCHAR does not support this mode. Some printers have a third
"Proportional" mode with an even larger dot pattern; LQCHAR does not support
this either. However, an LQ font designed with LQCHAR can be declared
proportionally spaced! (Don't get confused between the two.)
---------------------------- DESIGNING FONTS -------------------------------
TYPE: A>lqchar FONTNAME
FONTNAME: a 1 to 8 character name for the font. Do not specify the ".TYP" of
the file; LQCHAR will automatically make it ".LQC".
* A disk or directory may precede the fontname.
* An option may follow the fontname:
NO option - EDIT the font file
/P - send it to the PRINTER
/U - send to the printer and start USING it
You can get this help message onscreen by typing "LQCHAR /?".
If you are starting a new font from scratch, you will have to declare it
to be either Draft or LQ mode; and you will start out with every character
blank. I have included two files called DRAFT.LQC and LETTER.LQC, containing
a full plain ASCII font for each print mode. These are often a good point of
departure for designing modified fonts. You can use them to get a feel for
the program, simply by typing:
A>lqchar draft OR A>lqchar letter
Once you are in LQCHAR, you will see a "box" on the left side of the
screen, in which each character will appear, dot by dot. The character matrix
is always 24 dot rows high; its width varies according to the print mode: 9
dot columns for Draft, 29 for LQ. (Note: in Draft mode LQCHAR spreads out
each dot by a factor of 3 so as not unduly to distort the aspect ratio.)
Background shading indicates the vertical boundaries of a normal capital
letter. The rows above are available for accents, etc; those below, for
descenders. The bottommost row is normally reserved for underlining.
To the right you will see a header with general information about the
font, and the cursor on a prompt that says "Character". Below will appear a
list of characters, with those that are already defined highlighted, for
reference. At this point you can do a variety of things.
MODIFYING THE ENTIRE FONT
First, several commands can be used to modify the whole font in some way:
<F1> - Change PITCH between pica, elite, and proportional
<F2> - Change FONT TYPE between full and partial
<F3> - Change PRINT MODE from Draft to LQ
<ESC> - EXIT to Save Menu
When you use the <F1-F3> commands, you will see the information in the header
change appropriately. Nothing is changed on disk until you Save the font.
PITCH: The font can be stored as Pica, Elite, or Proportional (selected
with the <F1> key). This choice affects only the spacing between characters,
not the size of the characters themselves: Pica prints 10 characters per inch
(cpi), Elite prints a more compact 12 cpi, and Proportional is also about 12
cpi but will vary according to the actual width of the characters.
FONT TYPE: The font can be stored as Full or Partial (selected with the
<F2> key). The only difference concerns characters that you have NOT defined:
in a Full font, they simply won't print. In a Partial font, the printer's
resident font will "show through" any gaps; so a Partial font is an easy way
to modify just a few characters.
PRINT MODE: It is possible (with the <F3> key) to expand a Draft font
into a sort of skeleton LQ font. LQCHAR simply expands each character to fit
the larger LQ pattern, leaving blank columns in between; you can enhance and
fill in the gaps however you like. You cannot turn an LQ font back into a
Draft font.
The SAVE MENU gives you the choice of saving your modifications to disk,
or simply quitting without saving them. You can also specify a new font name
to save to, if desired.
MODIFYING INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS
Second, you can examine and modify individual characters:
ARROW KEYS - Display previous/next character
Any character - Display the character typed
<RETURN> - Edit the character shown
Select the standard character whose ASCII code corresponds to that of the new
character you wish to create. You may choose any character from 21H to 7EH
(33 to 126 decimal, "!" to "~"). If you pick an already defined character,
you will be modifying it. For example, if you've loaded DRAFT.LQC, and type
"A", you should see that character in the box.
If you then hit <RETURN>, you may edit the character. Note that your
cursor is now inside the box. You can move it around with your arrow keys
(see below). The spacebar or keypad [5] key will toggle the pixel you are
pointing to ON and OFF. Thus you can build up the pattern of dots that will
form your character.
There are many other special commands available in this mode, to make
modifying characters easier; a reminder of them is visible below for reference
during editing. These are:
R,L,U,D - move the whole pattern RIGHT, LEFT, UP, or DOWN.
C - COPY the pattern from another defined character.
B - BLANK the whole pattern out to start over.
P - PREVIEW a character in hi-res graphics. (EGA only!)
<F1,F2> - move current COLUMN up, down.
<F3,F4> - move current ROW left, right.
<F5,F6> - insert, delete a COLUMN.
<F7,F8> - insert, delete a ROW.
<F9,F0> - ROTATE left, right.
NOTE: The PREVIEW command works ONLY on an EGA adapter. It shows you a
more realistic, miniature picture of the present character, using higher
resolution graphics. Press ESC to remove this and continue editing.
Of the remaining commands, only "rotate" is a bit tricky: this changes
the overall slant of a character. Be sure the character isn't too wide, and
is roughly centered in the box, or parts of it will get lost. Note that the
rotation works in increments of 2 rows; thus moving the character up or down
one row first can give a slightly different effect. Also, if you're going to
rotate twice or more, you should do this each time in between to get the
smoothest effect.
When done, you can press either:
<RETURN> - SAVE the character for now
or <ESC> - QUIT without saving it
Upon saving, automatic centering causes the pattern to move to the middle of
the box. Note that you will not be able to save a definition that violates
the following rule:
---> No two adjacent pixels in any ROW may be ON! <---
This is a physical limitation of the printhead: the pins can't fire fast
enough to print twice in adjacent columns. You could send such a character
definition to the printer, but the second dot wouldn't print as intended, so
LQCHAR warns you to avoid mistakes.
---------------------- PRINTING WITH DOWNLOADED FONTS ----------------------
The fonts designed with LQCHAR should have a filetype of ".LQC", for
ready identification. Typically they range in size from 1k to 5k, depending
on how many characters are defined (also, Partial or LQ fonts are relatively
larger). They must be loaded into your printer's memory in order to be used.
This is done with the "/P" option:
A>lqchar fontname /p
This command can be given, for example, before you enter your word processor,
or (hopefully) from some kind of DOS gateway within it. The font is now ready
for use. In order for this to work, your software MUST be installed to give
the printer commands to switch to the downloaded font when required. For
example, in WordStar 4, you might have your print controls set up so that ^PA
enables the downloaded (alternate) font, and ^PN goes back to the normal font.
Thus you can alternate between two completely different fonts.
If you don't have LQCHAR handy, you can also use the ordinary DOS COPY
command to do this. You will have to specify the filetype though:
A>copy fontname.LQC prn
Alternatively, you may want to be using the downloaded font alone, rather
than switching back and forth between it and the normal font. (This is how
you will typically use a Partial font.) In this case, you want the font to
take effect immediately upon loading. Use the "/U" option instead:
A>lqchar fontname /u
After loading the font, LQCHAR will enable it, so that all subsequent printing
will be using the downloaded font. Your word processing software doesn't need
to know a thing about it. In order for this to work, your software MUST NOT
use any printer commands to change the font after you've run LQCHAR.
MORE ABOUT DOWNLOADED FONTS:
In any event, you will have to be careful that your software does not
send commands to the printer that will cancel the font loaded with LQCHAR.
This may include certain "global reset" commands that programs often use to
initialize the printer. If you can't get a downloaded font to work, try
reloading it with the "/U" option, then printing something with a simple DOS
command like "COPY filename PRN". If this does work, your problem is with the
printer initialization in your software; see your manual for how to modify it.
Your printer can keep only one downloaded font in memory at once; if you
load a second font it will replace the first. After using LQCHAR, you can
change between Draft and LQ modes, but of course the printer's resident font
will be used in the other mode.
Downloaded fonts do function a bit differently than the printer's
resident font. They should respond nicely to all the usual enhancements:
expanded, compressed, emphasized, italics etc. (This may depend on your
printer; these all work on my Alps.) But there are two firm limitations:
1. True super/subscripts will NOT work, as these miniature
characters have to be defined separately, on an 18-pin high matrix, and
LQCHAR doesn't do this. If you need these, you may be able to install
your software to do subscripting with platen rolls instead.
2. You cannot use printer commands to vary the pitch of a downloaded
font: it is fixed at pica, elite, or proportional, depending on your
selection in LQCHAR. (You can, of course, create LQC files with the same
font in different pitches.)
-------------------------- TECHNICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------
LQC FILE FORMAT:
The output file for a full font consists of an ESC sequence to set the
print mode (draft/LQ), then a long ESC sequence defining every ASCII character
from hex 20 to 7E. (LQCHAR defines 20H as space, automatically.) For a
partial font, the file instead contains the ESC sequence to copy the resident
font, then a separate ESC sequence for each defined character individually.
This means that if you don't have LQCHAR handy, you can simply load LQC
fonts with the DOS COPY command: they contain nothing but standard Epson ESC
sequences. However -- there too many details about the way the character
definitions must be formatted to explain here. I do NOT recommend that you
try to convert files from other sources into LQC files for use with LQCHAR.
There are just too many details, and LQCHAR might crash if its data isn't in
an expected form.
LQCHAR can, however, read LQC files created by the earlier CP/M version
of the program (LQCHAR 1.1, 8/87).
ERROR MESSAGES:
NAME.LQC not found! - The named font file does not exist.
-I/O error- - Error reading or writing disk file.
-Data error- - File does not appear to be valid font file.
VERSION HISTORY:
LQCHAR 1.0 (6/88) was developed from my earlier Z80 CP/M program of the
same name (version 1.1, 8/87), with a number of added features.
v 1.1 (1/89) - adds hi-res preview for EGA systems; small improvements.
LQCHAR and its documentation are (c)1989 E.Meyer, all rights reserved.
They may be freely distributed, but not modified or sold for profit without
my written consent. The user takes full responsibility for any damages
resulting from the use (or misuse) of this program. Please report any
problems encountered.
Eric Meyer
401 12th Ave SE #139 CompuServe [74415,1305]
Norman, OK 73031